Pulse Connect Secure

Pulse Connect Secure (PCS), previously known as Juniper SSL VPN, is a commercial VPN solution targeted at businesses.

Installation

AUR

Install the pulse-secure^AUR package and start/enable pulsesecure.service.

To connect via the command line, run the command:

$ /opt/pulsesecure/bin/pulselauncher [-U signinUrl] [-r realm] [-l role] [-c cert] [-u username] [-p password]

Note that the login URL is different from the URL used in browsers. Check "Note regarding Server/URL" section below.

To use the pulseUi GUI client you need to additionally install webkit2gtk and gtkmm3. In the GUI client, the URL should be same as that used in browsers.

Note: The pulse-secure VPN only functions properly when using NetworkManager. Additionally, DNS lookups will not work properly when using a separate Domain name resolution service. If you disable a separate DNS service to switch back to NetworkManager#DNS management, you may additionally need to remove /etc/resolv.conf to have NetworkManager correctly detect that it should manage DNS.

Note: By default the directory that the GUI stores the connections does not exist and it cannot find the system certificates to verify hosts. Run the following commands to resolve these issues:

# mkdir -p /var/lib/pulsesecure/pulse
# mkdir -p /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl
# ln -s /etc/ca-certificates/extracted/ca-bundle.trust.crt /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/openssl/ca-bundle.trust.crt

OpenConnect

The OpenConnect VPN client also supports Pulse Connect Secure, however Host Checker support (required by some Pulse servers) is not yet implemented at the time of this writing (Spring 2022). See the initial announcement for more details.

To use, install openconnect. If your Juniper VPN setup does not require any input after connecting you can use this command in order to connect

# openconnect --protocol=pulse https://vpn.example.com/

If you want NetworkManager support, install networkmanager-openconnect, or try the latest git version. The VPN connection can be created through the GUI or by using this command:

$ nmcli con add type vpn con-name "Connection Name" ifname "*" vpn-type openconnect -- vpn.data "gateway=vpn.example.com,protocol=nc"

Third-party scripts

JNC

Note: In some cases, depending on your corporate policy configuration, you must login through the browser. If this is the case, command-line tools (jnc, junipernc) will not work.

1. Go to your company's VPN site, log in and download/install the Juniper client.

2. Install jnc^{AUR[broken link: package not found]}. You need to enable the multilib repository: see the upstream website.

3. Make a directory for the .config file:

$ mkdir -p ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect/config

4. Copy and adapt this .config file in this directory:

~/.juniper_networks/network_connect/config/.config

host=foo.bar.com
user=username
password=secret
realm= realm with spaces
cafile=/etc/ssl/bar-chain.pem
certfile=

cafile

ca chain to verify the host certificate

certfile

host certificate in DER format. Cafile or certfile must be configured, you can download them from your VPN sign-in page (certificate information, export certificate).

realm

You can find out your realm by viewing the page source of your VPN sign-in page: just search for the word realm in it.

5. Start/stop network connect:

$ jnc --nox

for use without GUI. To stop the client, execute

$ jnc stop

MSJNC

The Mad Scientist's "msjnc" script requires multilib, then install lib32-zlib, net-tools, glib-perl, perl-libwww and gtk2-perl.

Access the the Juniper VPN website you need to use. Log in and allow the installation to attempt and fail (due to non-32 bit Java). You should get an error similar to the following:

Setup failed.
Please install 32 bit Java and update alternatives links using update-alternatives command.
For more details, refer KB article KB25230

You should now have the file ~/.juniper_networks/ncLinuxApp.jar present.

However, if ncLinuxApp.jar is not downloaded, fetch it manually - see the following example URL: https://server/dana-cached/nc/ncLinuxApp.jar (note: you need to log in first).

Then download the msjnc script, make it executable, and put it in your PATH.

Automatic installation of ncsvc using msjnc

The first time you launch msjnc (before ncsvc is installed), it will extract ncLinuxApp.jar and prompt for your password in order to install the service. This requires sudo to be configured to allow all commands to your user.

After the service is installed to ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect/ncsvc with suid, create a profile and connect.

Manual installation of msjnc

Create these directories:

$ mkdir -p ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect
$ mkdir -p ~/.juniper_networks/tmp

Extract the software:

$ unzip ~/.juniper_networks/ncLinuxApp.jar -d ~/.juniper_networks/tmp

Copy NC.jar to the network_connect directory:

$ cp ~/.juniper_networks/tmp/NC.jar ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect

Install the service:

$ sh ~/.juniper_networks/tmp/installNC.sh ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect

Launch msjnc, create a profile, and connect.

Note regarding Server/URL

For the Server/URL, you may have to provide the URL that processes the login form rather than the login page itself. As an example, one company's login form is on /dana-na/auth/url_0/welcome.cgi but the form is actually processed by /dana-na/auth/url_0/login.cgi. You may have to inspect the html of the login page to find the form's action attribute.

JVPN

The JVPN Perl script establishes a Juniper VPN connection and supports the following features:

• Connection using Host Checker.
• Automatic download of the required Juniper java and daemon files (ncsvc) when run as root.

Installation

Install the perl dependencies perl-term-readkey and perl-lwp-protocol-https. Once you have done so, you must choose whether to run jvpn as root (easiest method) or as a regular user and run the steps below accordingly.

Running as root

Run the command:

# curl -L https://github.com/samm-git/jvpn/archive/v0.7.0.tar.gz | tar xz

The command creates a file jvpn-0.7.0 in current directory.

Finally, start the script with:

# ./jvpn.pl

On first run, the script will download all the necessary files

Running as a regular user

Use your web browser (no need for 32-bit Java) to connect to the VPN website and download the appropriate software. The files downloaded will be located in ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect/ (even if the VPN connection actually fails).

This step is considered more complex because you have to have a functional Java plugin in your browser (configured with appropriate security settings). During installation of Network Connect, the browser will request a root password to set the setuid flag on ncsvc (Juniper daemon).

Then install jvpn into the folder by executing the following:

$ cd ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect
$ curl -L https://github.com/samm-git/jvpn/archive/v0.7.0.tar.gz | tar xz --strip-components=1

Next, edit jvpn.ini (directions are included in the file).

Finally, start the script with the following:

$ cd ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect
$ ./jvpn.pl

Workarounds

64-bit Java (workaround 1)

Warning: These steps are not recommended. Updating your JRE will break this workaround and you will have to repeat these steps.

1) Install bin32-jre^AUR. Make sure the PKGBUILD installs it to /opt/bin32-jre, rather than /opt/java, where it will conflict with the 64-bit JRE.

2) Install jre^AUR.

3) Move the java binary to java.orig:

# mv /opt/java/jre/bin/java /opt/java/jre/bin/java.orig

4) Create a bash script java and make it executable:

# touch /opt/java/jre/bin/java
# chmod 755 /opt/java/jre/bin/java

5) Finally, edit the bash script as per the below:

/opt/java/jre/bin/java

#!/bin/bash
if [ $3x = "NCx" ]
then
    /opt/bin32-jre/jre/bin/java "$@"
else
    /opt/java/jre/bin/java.orig "$@"
fi

64-bit Java (workaround 2)

Warning: Installing non-packaged versions of Java and symlinking libraries into arbitrary locations is not recommended.

Another approach is to install an alternative version of Java and link the Java plugin for Firefox manually - this avoids the necessity of using a chroot environment. Follow the instructions below:

1. install xterm.
2. Install a custom 64-bit Java environment from java.com. Select the Linux x64 version. Once you have decided upon a location for the installation, extract the binary into that location and then mark it executable. Finally, run the binary to install Java.
3. Install a custom 32-bit Java environment, also from java.com but this time, select the Linux (self-extracting) option. Extract the new binary to the same location created above, mark it executable, and run the binary. It will ask you whether you want to replace the files to 32 bit: Type "A" to overwrite all the 64-bit files with the 32-bit ones.
4. Finally, link the library into the required location. The relevant library for Firefox is libnpjp2.so. To link it, use the following command ln -s location-of-custom-java-installation/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libnpjp2.so.

Note: Firefox 5 and higher check /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins for plugins instead of ~/.mozilla/plugins which was used in previous versions.

For more information, see the following guide from Southern Illinois University.

Motif and libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3

Warning: The steps involved in this section, including using obsolete libraries and symlinking new library names to old are absolutely not recommended.

When trying to use Juniper VPN, you may be informed that there are missing libraries. If so, follow the instructions below.

1) Install a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) - see Java.

2) Install libstdc++296^{AUR[broken link: package not found]} which provides the required libstdc++-libc6.2-2.so.3 library.

3) Install the Motif toolkit. Note that lesstif must be used - the openmotif package provides a version of Motif that is too recent. Specifically, it provides libXm.so.4 instead of libXm.so.3.

4) Then create symlinks in order to be able to use lesstif as if it is official Motif - see the reference below.

5) Install xterm - the installation uses xterm to ask for the root password.

6) Next, run: modprobe tun as root. You will need to do this every time before you connect. As such, you might want to setup the tun module to be autoloaded at startup.

7) Finally, head over to your VPN portal page and initiate the connection by clicking on Network Connect.

For more information see: Gentoo Wiki Archives

Troubleshooting

Password incorrect

If your username and password are correct but the system reports that they are incorrect, that means the POST request to the Juniper IVE box failed.

The Tamper Data addon for Firefox can be used to debug. Try changing the fields in the headers.

Note that Juniper IVE does not support UTF-8. The intl.charset.default setting in about:config for Firefox is UTF-8, causing a POST request to have only UTF-8 in the charset. Setting it to ISO-8859-1 might fix the problem. Also double check the intl.accept_charsets Firefox setting. Using UTF-8, Chinese and European charsets is possible but ensure you have ISO-8859-1 as a fallback. Note that you can use the Tamper Data addon to make sure you really are accepting ISO-8859-1 in the HTTP header.

Finally, ensure that the useragent is Firefox, not Bon Echo. You may need to change this under general.useragent.extra.firefox in about:config.

Login succeeds but Network Connect will not launch

1. Firstly, verify your Java installation.
2. Then navigate to ~/.juniper_networks/network_connect.
3. Check that ncsvc is setuid root. Fix it if not.
4. Run ldd ncsvc and see if there are any missing libraries.
5. Follow the instructions from the Juniper forum to run it from command line. Use the -L 5 switch to log everything and use strace as root. Also try consulting ncsvc.log for any possible errors.

Network Connect launched but the VPN does not work

Run ip route to to check if the route is present. Network connect has a diagnosis tool in the GUI. You can also checks the logs (also available in the GUI).

Other cause for VPN not working can lie in DNS settings. Check whether they really are set (usually in /etc/resolv.conf) and that DNS cache does not intervene (stop systemd-resolved service if running).

Note: /etc/resolv.conf will periodically get overwritten by DHCPCD so your VPN will stop working eventually. If that happens, just restart Network Connect. You might also wish to save your /etc/resolv.conf file so that your VPN settings can be easily restored. As of 2007, there is no known solution to the problem but there is a bug report on Red Hat Bugzilla.

Network Connect launched and a configuration error message is displayed

Check that you have net-tools installed.

ncapp.error Failed to connect/authenticate with IVE.

See this post on the Ubuntu forums. Note that in some cases, the policy will not permit a connection initiated from the command line. Instead, you have to install both bin32-jre^AUR and bin32-firefox^AUR and authenticate through the browser.

ncsvc and kernel versions 3.19 and 4.5 to 4.9

Juniter VPN does not support linux 3.19. See UNIXgr.

There are also issues with linux versions 4.5 to 4.9 (and probably later versions too). See Bug 121131 on the Kernel bug tracker for more information. There are two ways to work around this issue:

• Downgrade to version 4.4, or install linux-lts.
• According to a comment on the kernel bugzilla disabling router solicitations for IPv6 and reconnecting will also solve the issue. This can be done with the following command:

# echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/router_solicitations

To make this setting automatically on boot time use systemd-tmpfiles:

/etc/tmpfiles.d/disable-router-solicitations.conf

w /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/default/router_solicitations - - - - 0

Unauthorized new route has been added, disconnecting

When using the pulse-secure^AUR client, VPN may not work with connman due to conflicting routing table strategies. Check ~/.pulse_secure/pulse/pulsesvc.log for such messages:

rmon.error Unauthorized new route to x.x.x.x/y.y.y.y has been added (conflicts with our route to z.z.z.z), disconnecting (routemon.cpp:598)

If this is the case, using NetworkManager instead can fix the issue.

After login, pulseUi displays 'Compliance: Security policies not met'

It seems that pulseUi uses NetworkManager internally while verifying connection in some cases. If this is the case, install NetworkManager and start NetworkManager.sevice.

pulseUi does not remember connections

If pulseUI keeps forgetting your connections, make sure the directory /var/lib/pulsesecure/pulse/ exists. If it does not:

# mkdir -p /var/lib/pulsesecure/pulse/